Infective endocarditis remains a high-stakes clinical condition with significant morbidity and mortality, where early diagnosis and timely intervention are critical. Evolving microbiological patterns, advances in imaging, and updates in treatment strategies continue to shape clinical practice.

In this session, Dr Nidhi Kaeley will provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis. The discussion will cover clinical suspicion, blood culture strategies, the role of echocardiography and advanced imaging, and current treatment protocols including antimicrobial therapy and surgical indications. The focus will be on practical, evidence-based approaches that help clinicians improve early detection and optimize patient outcomes.

Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis, Imaging and Treatment Updates

Asthma and COPD have the same genetic factors but different environmental factors that can present with different phenotypes. In ACO, the patient will have features of both diseases due to exposure to both environmental factors, and they cannot be separated. Although Asthma and COPD can present “classically,” many clinicians recognize that these disorders may present with overlapping features that make distinguishing between the two diagnostically challenging. Dr Nidhi will succinctly outline the approach and management of the condition.

Approach to Asthma and COPD Overlap

A hypertensive emergency is an acute, marked elevation in blood pressure that is associated with signs of target-organ damage. These can include pulmonary edema, cardiac ischemia, neurologic deficits, acute renal failure, aortic dissection, and eclampsia. While the specific target organ that is affected may dictate some specifics of treatment, rapid lowering of blood pressure is the mainstay of therapy for hypertensive emergencies. In this discussion with Prof. Dr. Nidhi Kaeley, we review the cause and pathophysiology of hypertensive emergency and highlight the role of timely evaluation & management. 

Evaluation and treatment of: Hypertensive Emergencies In Adults

Neurologic emergencies arise frequently and, if not diagnosed and treated quickly, can have devastating results, with high rates of long-term disability and death. Prompt recognition is an important skill. In fact, acute neurological illness is one of the most common causes for admission in the emergency. There are a number of such conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, paraplegia, stroke, NM junction disorders, transverse myelitis, quadriparesis and it is worthwhile to understand what one needs to do when a patient develops neurological emergencies. Let us learn from Dr. Nidhi Kaeley, Head of Dept. of Emergency Medicine at AIIMS, the clinical features and management of some of the common severe neurological emergencies.

Managing Neurological Emergencies

Head of Department of Emergency Medicine &
Associate Professor | AIIMS Rishikesh

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, particularly among older adults with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic disease. Despite a “normal” ejection fraction, these patients often experience significant symptoms, recurrent hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life.

This session will provide a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of HFpEF, focusing on clinical recognition, echocardiographic evaluation, comorbidity management, and evolving therapeutic strategies. The discussion will also highlight recent advances in guideline-directed therapy and the importance of a multidisciplinary, phenotype-based approach to improving patient outcomes.

Dr. Nidhi Kaeley

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