Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure is often associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Its pathogenesis is multidimensional: driven by a synergistic interaction between increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, sympathetic nervous system activation, and upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), making it pathophysiologically distinct from other forms of hyponatremia and therapeutically challenging to manage.

In this session, Dr. Manoj S works through 10 structured clinical questions to help clinicians navigate this complexity - from establishing the correct diagnosis to selecting appropriate correction strategies in the context of ongoing heart failure management.