Leptospirosis can present with a deceptively nonspecific febrile illness but may rapidly progress to severe disease involving the kidneys, liver, lungs, and central nervous system. Early clinical suspicion and timely treatment are therefore critical, particularly in endemic and monsoon-affected regions.

This session will provide a practical approach to recognizing and managing leptospirosis, from the initial clinical clues to severe and complicated disease. The discussion will cover risk factors and exposure history, characteristic clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, appropriate investigations, interpretation of diagnostic tests, antibiotic therapy, and recognition of complications requiring hospitalization or intensive care. Through clinical scenarios, clinicians will learn when to suspect leptospirosis, how to initiate treatment promptly, and how to identify patients at risk of deterioration.