Timely detection of atrial fibrillation following stroke is critical to preventing recurrent cerebrovascular events, yet anticoagulation decisions in elderly and frail patients remain challenging due to competing risks of thromboembolism and bleeding. This keynote session will examine contemporary evidence on post-stroke AF detection, risk stratification, and individualized anticoagulation initiation, with a focus on balancing efficacy, safety, and patient-specific considerations in routine clinical practice.