A Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that prior cholecystectomy was associated with almost twice the long-term risk of cholangiocarcinoma (OR 1.91). 

No causal links appeared for other digestive cancers. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma continued rising between 2000 and 2021. Gene-enrichment findings implicated altered lipid transport, triglyceride metabolism, bile secretion, and cholesterol pathways as potential mechanisms. 

The results point to a need for heightened surveillance and more refined risk-stratification strategies in post-cholecystectomy populations.

Source: Science Direct | [Read Full Story](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1091255X25003531?dgcid=rss_sd_all)

Genetic Evidence Flags Cholangiocarcinoma Risk after Cholecystectomy

A major trial confirmed that a single dose of human papillomavirus vaccine shielded adolescent girls against high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 as effectively as the standard two-dose regimen. 

Among 20,330 participants aged 12–16 receiving bivalent or nonavalent vaccines, rate differences stayed within −0.13 to 0.21 infections per 100, with vaccine effectiveness ≥97% across all groups over five years. No major safety issues were reported. 

The results indicate that a one-dose strategy could meaningfully widen global HPV vaccine access, especially in regions where completing multidose schedules remains a barrier.


Source: NEJM | [Read Full Story](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2506765?query=featured_home)

Single HPV Dose Delivers Comparable Protection to Two-Dose Schedule

The WHO released its first global guideline on using GLP-1–based therapies for obesity, issuing conditional recommendations for long-term use in adults, excluding pregnant women, based on evidence of clinically meaningful weight loss and metabolic improvement. 

The guidance emphasizes combining GLP-1 agents with intensive behavioral interventions, including structured diet and activity programs, to enhance outcomes. 

With obesity linked to an estimated 3.7 million deaths in 2024 and global prevalence projected to double by 2030, the WHO cautioned that pharmacotherapy alone will not curb the crisis, urging stronger population-level policies, early-risk screening, and lifelong, person-centered care.

Source: WHO | [Read Full Story](https://www.who.int/news/item/01-12-2025-who-issues-global-guideline-on-the-use-of-glp-1-medicines-in-treating-obesity)

WHO Issues First Global Guideline on GLP-1 Therapies for Obesity

A case-control study from South India reported a strikingly higher self-medication rate in patients with dermatophytosis than in those with other skin disorders. 

Among 378 participants, 21.7% used medications without a prescription, but the prevalence surged to 36.8% in dermatophytosis versus 9.2% in other dermatologic conditions. Topical antifungals were the most common agents, and usage patterns remained similar across naïve, chronic, chronic and recurrent, and chronic and relapsed. 

Although the overall prevalence was lower than that reported in earlier regional studies, the findings highlight ongoing gaps in dermatology access and reinforce the need for stronger public education and tighter controls on over-the-counter antifungal products to curb misuse.

Source: IJDVL | [Read Full Story](https://ijdvl.com/patterns-and-factors-affecting-self-medication-practices-among-patients-with-dermatophytosis-in-south-india-a-case-control-study/)

Self-Medication High Among Dermatophytosis Patients in South India

A study confirmed that ureteroscopy (URS) remains a safe and effective option for treating stone disease in adults aged 80 years and older. 

Complete stone clearance was achieved in 70% of patients, rising to 84% and 90% when fragments ≤2 mm and ≤4 mm were included, respectively. Thirty-day complications occurred in 16% of cases, while serious events were uncommon at under 3%, with only a single procedure-related death reported. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent complication. The likelihood of complication increased with higher anesthesia risk scores (ASA ≥3), procedures lasting longer than 60 minutes, and especially when surgery was performed on an emergency basis. 

Overall, the findings reinforce URS as a reasonable treatment choice for well-selected older adults.

Source: Springer Nature | [Read Full Story](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00240-025-01890-2)

Ureteroscopy Delivers Reliable Results in Older Adults, Study Shows	

Regularly skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a meta-analysis including more than 2.38 million adults. 

Compared with regular breakfast eaters, individuals who skipped breakfast had a 17% higher risk of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.17). Risks increased across major outcomes, including a 14% higher risk of coronary artery disease (OR 1.14), a 15% higher risk of stroke (OR 1.15), and a 49% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (OR 1.49). 

Researchers suggest that encouraging regular breakfast consumption could be a simple, accessible strategy to lower CVD burden at a population level.

Source: Frontiers | [Read Full Story](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1565806/full)

Skipping Breakfast: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?

Lowering proteinuria levels may help protect against venous thromboembolism (VTE). 

In a national cohort of more than 1.7 million adults followed for 14.5 years, nearly 46,000 developed VTE, and risk increased with worsening proteinuria. Those with persistent or progressed abnormalities had higher risk (HR 1.88 and 1.31, respectively) compared with individuals with normal proteinuria. Importantly, individuals whose proteinuria improved still showed elevated risk (HR 1.18), yet had significantly lower odds of VTE than those with persistent disease (HR 0.69). 

These findings suggest that monitoring and reducing proteinuria over time could meaningfully lower thrombotic risk.

Source: Science Reports | [Read Full Story](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-29288-5)

Persistent Proteinuria Heightens VTE Risk, but Improvement Significantly Reduces It	

According to NHANES data from 708 adults, stroke survivors who adopt healthier lifestyles experience lower odds of post-stroke depression (PSD). 

PSD affected 20.5% of survivors, but those engaging in 4–6 healthy behaviors—including not smoking, moderate alcohol use, regular physical activity, nutritious diet, adequate sleep, and maintaining ideal waist circumference—had an 80% lower risk of PSD compared with those practicing 0–1 behaviors (OR 0.20). Each additional healthy habit cut risk by 45% (OR 0.55). 

The findings highlight the importance of holistic lifestyle counseling after stroke, indicating that simple, modifiable habits may meaningfully improve recovery and mental health outcomes.

Source: Stroke Journal | [Read Full Story](https://www.strokejournal.org/article/S1052-3057(25)00289-7/fulltext?rss=yes)

Simple Lifestyle Changes May Protect Stroke Survivors From Depression	

Young men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia may be at greater metabolic syndrome risk. 

In a study of 200 men aged 18 to 35 years, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.7) was more than four times as common in those with early-onset androgenetic alopecia than in matched peers without it (18% vs 4%), and metabolic syndrome was also nearly doubled in prevalence (21% vs 9%). Affected men had higher fasting insulin, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR scores, as well as larger waist circumference. The likelihood of insulin resistance climbed with more advanced Hamilton–Norwood stages. Although glucose and blood pressure levels were similar between groups, metabolic risk factors clustered more frequently in the alopecia group. 

The findings position early hair loss as a visible marker of hidden metabolic issues and support targeted screening in this population.

Source: WILEY | [Read Full Story](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.70458?SeriesKey=14732165&af=R&content=articlesChapters&mi=4prfj6g&sortBy=Earliest&target=default)

Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia? Consider Metabolic Screening, New Data Suggests	

A latest meta-analysis showed a clear link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and higher rates of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 

Across 20 studies, CKD was associated with a 65% greater prevalence of AMD overall (RR 1.65), a 47% increase in early-stage disease (RR 1.47), and more than a threefold rise in late-stage AMD (RR 3.72). Risk did not vary significantly between moderate and advanced CKD stages (RR 1.08). 

The results highlight the importance of early eye screening in CKD to reduce the risk of AMD progression.

Source: Frontiers | [Read Full Story](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1635766/full)